A nanostructured surface layer with a mean ferrite grain size of -8 nm was produced on a Fe-gCr steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment. Upon annealing, ferrite grains coarsen with increasing temperature and their sizes increase to -40 nm at 973 K. Further increasing annealing temperature leads to an obvious reduction of ferrite grain sizes, to -14 nm at 1173 K. The annealing-induced grain refinement is analyzed in terms of phase transformations in the nanostructured steel.
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