研究全钒液流电池充电/放电过程,电解液中不同价态水合钒离子、氢离子、水分子在纳米孔径的质子传导膜中的渗透迁移行为,为膜材料性能改进以及电解液系统管理提供依据.通过测定全钒液流电池开路状态下的自放电、恒电流模式下的充电/放电循环过程,分析钒离子渗透和水迁移影响因素,揭示电池运行过程纳米多孔质子传导膜中钒离子渗透及水迁移规律.结果表明:自放电过程主要发生钒离子浓度差作为推动力的传质扩散,水分子的跨膜净迁移量可忽略;在恒流模式下的充电/放电循环过程中,隔膜两侧阴极、阳极电解液中水合离子迁移、浓差扩散、渗透压效应均发生作用,导致阳极侧电解液向阴极侧发生净的水迁移,需要通过电解液管理保持电池系统正常运行.
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