储热技术是目前制约太阳能热发电等可再生能源大规模应用的主要瓶颈之一。本文开展了气体流过填充床储热／换热器的储热过程数值模拟，并通过实验数据验证了仿真结果。对比分析了以岩石、钢球和相变硝酸盐作为储热材料时的储热量、热分层、相间温差等特征以及储热释热周期对热效率及[火 用]效率的影响。结果表明，填充床储热方式存在最优储热时间以得到最高的储热效率，循环工作时储热填充床能够得到超过96％的热效率和88％的拥效率，因而填充床成为解决可再生能源储热问题的储热方式。
Thermal storage technology has been one of dominant issues that constraint the large scale application of solar thermal power generation and other renewable energy. In this paper, numerical simulation of heat storage that gas flow through the packed beds heat storage/exchanger was carried out, and the simulation results were verified compared with the experimental data. The performance of heat storage, thermal stratification and temperature difference between phases were analyzed when using the rock, steel and phase-change nitrate as the heat storage material respectively, and also the effect of charge-discharge period on the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency were found out. The results shows that, there exists the optimal charging-discharging period in order to get the highest thermal storage efficiency, more than 96% of thermal efficiency and 88% of exergy efficiency packed bed can be get during the charge-discharge circle for which packed bed heat storage is an important method that applies in thermal storage of renewable energy.
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