采用溶胶-凝胶法以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HDTMS)为原料,制得改性SiO2溶胶,将其应用于柠檬酸预先处理的棉织物,构建棉纤维基柔性超疏水表面.采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)观察得到改性SiO2溶胶干燥后形成有球形颗粒的致密粗糙膜,改性SiO2红外谱图(FT-IR)显示氨丙基和十六烷基在SiO2表面接枝.当HDTMS浓度为2％时,整理的棉织物静态接触角为155.3°,动态滚动角是8°,达到优异的超疏水效果,经洗涤20次后接触角仍为143.4°,具有疏水耐久性.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察得知整理棉纤维洗涤前后表面均具有较好的粗糙结构,整理棉纤维表面形成了牢固的改性SiO2疏水膜.
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