粘弹性是高分子材料的重要性能,但目前通用教材对其本质并未明确,描述也不统一,这不利于对粘弹性概念及外界条件对其影响规律的深入理解,文中认为应该明确粘弹性源于形变的时间依赖性。在外力作用下固体产生弹性形变,液体产生粘性形变,弹性形变和粘性形变都表现粘弹性,但是弹性粘弹性和粘性粘弹性不同,随松弛时间延长,弹性粘弹性逐渐偏离理想弹性而体现更多的粘性特征,粘性粘弹性则逐渐偏离理想粘性而体现更多的弹性特征。在此基础上分析了温度对线型非晶态聚合物粘弹性的影响规律。
An essential issue of viscoelasticity was discussed in this paper.Viscoelasticity was originated from the strain-time dependence.When stress is applied to material,solid shows elastic response,while liquid shows viscous response.Viscoelasticity of elastic response is different from that of viscous response.When the relaxation time increases,the viscoelasticity of elastic response shows more viscous character,while the viscoelasticity of viscous response shows more elastic character.The viscoelasticity of the linear amorphous polymer is the integrated exhibition of both elastic and viscous response due to the strain contains both elastic deformation and viscous flow caused by the movement of units with different sizes.
参考文献
| [1] | 朱平平,何平笙,杨海洋.高聚物粘弹性力学模型计算中容易被忽视的一个基本问题[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2007(03):251-253. |
| [2] | 何平笙,杨海洋,朱平平.从Maxwell串联模型定义的弛豫时间τ理解聚合物粘弹性的本质[J].化学通报,2004(09):705-706,640. |
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