采用10 kg真空中频感应炉熔炼铁液,经炉前一次球化及两次孕育处理,真空浇注得到球墨铸铁球.使用电热炉加热磨球到不同的奥氏体化温度,并在不同温度的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐混合介质中进行连续冷却淬火,后经低温回火得到球墨铸铁磨球.其中,性能最佳的为贝-马-奥球墨铸铁磨球,其显微组织为:球状石墨(体积分数12％左右)+下贝氏体+高碳针状马氏体+残留奥氏体(质量分数16.6％ ～ 18.1％).石墨球化率达到92％、球化级别为2级,球墨尺寸级别为9.2级;磨球表面硬度为55～58 HRC,表面与心部硬度差＜5 HRC;磨球表层的常温冲击韧性为20.5 J/cm2,心部冲击韧性为25.3 J/cm2,表现出表层高硬度,耐磨损;心部高韧性,抗破碎的性能梯度特性.进一步研究表明:下贝氏体和残留奥氏体组织对提高磨球的性能有着显著的作用,而上贝氏体组织则不利于磨球的综合性能.
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