The morphology of the retained austenite in the carburized case of 20CrNiMo steel and its transformation during fatigue crack propagation through the case were investigated by using X-ray and TEM analysis.In the carburized case both film and block shaped retained austenite were found.Due to the crystallographic orientation relationship at the interface,the fatigue crack is inclined to pass through the block shaped retained austenite and thereby stim- ulates its strain-induced martensitie transformation.During the process of the fatigue frac- ture,most of the retained austenite structures on the crack path are transformed into the martensite,and the untranaformed parts on the fracture surface remain less than 6%.The transformation of the retained austenite,which is restrieted mainly within the plastic zone,oc- curs only during the proeess of fracture,and is independent of the magnitudes of the external stress,stress ratio and cyclic number.The volume expansion accompanying the transforma- tion creates an additional residual displacement of about 0.44μm on fracture surfaces,which is equivalent to the magnitude of the plasticity-induced residual displacement.The phase transformation induced fatigue crack closure is believed to be an important factor affecting the fatigue crack behaviors in the high carbon laver of the carburized case.
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