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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which have pi-pi conjugated electronic structure, can be functionalized by forming composites with some polymers with similar structure through van der Waals forces. CNTs coated with electronic conducting polymers (ECP) can be used in electronic devices such as supercapacitors. CNTs modified by conjugated luminescent polymers can form CNT/polymer composites, which have strong luminescence, and these photo-excited composites may be promising as electron acceptors and optoexcited devices. CNTs can also be functionalized and solubilized by attaching aminopolymers, as a result, they may find applications in biological systems. The state-of-the-art research results demonstrate that CNT/polymer composites have many promising applications to be developed and exploited.