建立一个包括外部和内部均存在传热不可逆损失的真空热离子发电模型,由阴极和阳极的能量平衡方程确定极板的工作温度,进而导出发电器输出功率和效率的一般表达式.在不同的工作条件下,对输出功率和效率进行优化,并讨论极板功函数和输出电压对系统性能的影响,获得系统的主要参数的优化选择判据.所得结果对材料的合理选择和器件的优化设计有指导意义.
A model of the vacuum thermionic generator including external and internal irreversible heat transfer losses is established.The temperatures of two electrode plates are determined by the energy balance equations of the cathode and anode.General expressions for the power output and efficiency of the thermionic generator are derived.The power output and efficiency are optimized under differently operating conditions.The influence of the work functions of electrodes and the voltage on the power output and efficiency is discussed.The optimum choice criteria of main parameters are given.The results obtained can play some guidance for the reasonable choice of electrode materials and the optimum design of the thermionic generator.
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