天然石墨是具有片层结构的含碳无机材料,层间由范德华力连接,可用物理或化学方法将其它分子、原子、离子甚至原子团插入其层间,生成石墨层间化合物(GIC)；GIC经高温膨胀可得到体积为其几百倍的膨胀石墨(EG)；在超声粉碎时,膨胀石墨上的石墨微片剥离,得到纳米石墨微片(NanoG).近年来,富勒烯(Fullerence)、碳纳米管(CNT)、石墨烯(Graphene)的先后开发,为石墨家族注入新的活力,并为其应用开辟了新的空间.系统论述了天然石墨及其改性产物如EG、NanoG、Graphene、CNT、Fullerence的结构、制备方法、性质及用途.
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