肽类树状大分子是近年来发展起来的一类新型生物医用高分子材料，它除了具有普通树枝状分子的特征如规整性、高度支化、表面呈现高密度功能团、尺度为纳米级、单一分子量等之外，同时还具有类似蛋白一样的球状结构、优良的生物相容性、水溶性、耐蛋白酶水解、生物降解等独特的性能。肽类树状大分子的上述特点，使它在生物医学应用中显示出诱人的前景。系统论述了肽类树状大分子的合成方法、以及在疾病诊断与治疗等生物医学领域中的应用。如作为MRI（磁共振成像）分子探针、诊断试剂以及基因治疗试剂等。将造影官能团偶联到肽类树枝状分子上，即得肽类树枝状MRI分子探针，该类MRI分子探针具有优良的生物相容性，纳米级尺寸结构。含氨基的肽类树枝状分子与基因（DNA）复合成纳米尺寸的粒子，可有效进入细胞，将DNA转移到目标部位，达到基因转染的目的。
Peptide dendrimers are attractive synthetic polymers which have been widely used as a new generation of bio- materials. Peptide dendrimers can be prepared via organic synthesis, showing nano sizes, and display well-defined archi- tectures, highly-branched structures, high density of functional terminal groups, and controllable molecular weights. Pep- tide dendrimers have received considerable attention in biomedicine due to their properties similar to proteins and some special characteristics, such as good biocompatibility, water solubility and resistance to proteolytic digestion. In this pa- per, we review the synthesis of peptide dendrimers and their applications in diagnostics as well as therapy. Those charac- teristics can be used in biomedical application, focuses on the application of peptide dendrimers both in diagnostics as well as in therapy. In diagnostics, peptide dendrimers that bear gadolinium （ Gd3 ＋ ） complexes are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging （ MRI）. The dendrimers MRI contrast agents have been found to be excellent blood pool a- gents. Peptide dendrimers are also being investigated for therapeutics, for example, as carries in gene transfection. Pep- tide dendrimers bear primary amine groups at their surface that participate in DNA binding, compacting it into nanoscale particles and promoting its cellular uptake. The size and diameter of peptide dendrimers have an influence on their transfection efficiency. The development of peptide dendrimers with different size and diameter as efficient and safe gene delivery carriers that can transfer DNA into the nuclei of target cells is a key factor for success of gene therapy.
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