研究不同温度下2024铝合金的蠕变行为,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电子显微镜观察蠕变后合金的微观组织变化.结果表明:在125～200 ℃蠕变温度下,当蠕变寿命接近100 h时,2024铝合金的蠕变应力随着温度的升高明显下降;与125 ℃相比,150 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降9.3%,在175 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降30.3%;当蠕变温度为200 ℃时,该合金的蠕变应力下降幅度达到45.8%;在125～175 ℃下,合金在蠕变过程中的变形机制主要为位错在晶内的滑移;在200℃时,合金晶界开始发生滑移,合金变形由晶界滑移与位错在晶内的滑移协调完成;在合金蠕变断面上存在大量微孔,随着蠕变温度的升高,微孔的尺寸明显变大,当微孔尺寸超过3 μm时,微孔对合金的断裂机制有显著影响;在125和150 ℃下,合金的蠕变断口呈现韧窝型穿晶断裂特征;在175和200 ℃下,合金的蠕变断口呈现沿晶断裂特征.
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