本文简要介绍了能源利用的单耗分析理论,并将其应用于锅炉和发电机组,推导出其第二定律效率.结果显示锅炉不仅取决于其热效率,更重要的是取决于其热产品的品位.省煤器一直是锅炉必备设备,但分析发现其间工质吸热过程是发电厂热力循环的低温部分,称之为省煤器名不副实,它的存在甚至成为机炉参数优化匹配、提高锅炉和发电机组第二定律效率的制约因素.因此本文根据单耗分析理论,提出去掉锅炉省煤器,并开展了机炉参数优化配置问题研究,探讨了进一步提高机组发电效率的途径.
In the paper, the theory and analysis of fuel specific consumption of energy utilizations are first introduced and applied to a boiler and power plant, so that their second law efficiencies are easily deduced. The results show that the second law efficiency of the boiler depends not only on its thermal efficiency, but also more importantly on the quality of its thermal product. The economizer has always been indispensable in a boiler. However, the further study shows that heat exchange in the economizer is the low temperature section of thermodynamic cycle in the power plant, so that it is improper to regard it as the economizer. In fact, the economizer becomes a factor restricting optimal matching of the boiler and turbine thermodynamic parameters and improvement of the second law efficiency of the boiler and power plant. Based on the theory and analysis of fuel specific consumption,the economizer should therefore be removed from the boiler. The thermodynamic parameter matching of a boiler and turbine and the approaches of improving the power generation efficiency of USC units are researched in this paper.
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