在室内人工模拟降雨条件下, 通过沿坡面垂直分段和分层结合布设不同的稀土元素, 研究坡面侵蚀的时空演变规律. 结果表明: 次降雨条件下在产流开始20 min内, 坡面片蚀和细沟侵蚀的平均侵蚀加速度、平均侵蚀率和累积侵蚀量之比分别为1:1, 1:1.5和1:1.3, 坡面下1/3区域的平均侵蚀加速度、平均侵蚀率和累积侵蚀量分别是坡面中部的5, 12, 13倍; 后期细沟平均侵蚀加速度、平均侵蚀率和累积侵蚀量分别为片蚀的43, 7, 5倍. 连续小雨强降雨条件下, 产流35 min内, 细沟侵蚀平均加速度是片蚀的7～10倍, 35 min后, 坡面处于稳定状态; 降雨产流10 min内, 坡面下1/3区域平均侵蚀加速度是坡面中部的5倍, 沟头激活后, 坡面中部的平均侵蚀加速度达到坡面下1/3区域的4倍; 坡顶部存在一个相对稳定区. 说明REE示踪技术能够同时量化随时间和空间变化的坡面侵蚀过程.
参考文献
| [1] | Menzel R G .Transport of 90Sr in runoff[J].Science,1960,131:499. |
| [2] | Zhang XC;Nearing MA;Polyakov VO;Friedrich JM .Using rare-earth oxide tracers for studying soil erosion dynamics[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003(1):279-288. |
| [3] | Tian Junliang;Zhou Peihua;Liu Puling .REE tracer method for studies on soil erosion[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,1994,9(02):37. |
| [4] | Ventura E;Nearing MA;Norton LD .Developing a magnetic tracer to study soil erosion[J].Catena: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Soil Science Hydrology-Geomorphology Focusing on Geoecology and Landscape Evolution,2001(4):277-291. |
| [5] | Borselli L.;Torri D. .Measurement of soil translocation by tillage using a non invasive electromagnetic method[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001(2):106-111. |
| [6] | Wallbrink P J;Murry A S.Use of fallout radionuclides as indicatiors of erosion processes[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,1993(07):297. |
| [7] | 白占国,万国江.黔中岩溶山区表土层中7Be的分布特征及其侵蚀示踪研究[J].自然科学进展,1997(01):66. |
| [8] | 杨明义 .多核素复合示踪定量研究坡面侵蚀过程[D].中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2001. |
| [9] | Zhang XC;Friedrich JM;Nearing MA;Norton LD .Potential use of rare earth oxides as tracers for soil erosion andaggregation studies[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001(5):1508-1515. |
| [10] | 冉勇 .土壤中稀土元素的化学行为和可给性[D].中国科学院南京土壤研究所1991届,1991. |
| [11] | 孙文华,刘祖林.REE Contents in Topsoil on the Loess Plateau and Effects of Ree Applying on Crops[J].JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS,1995(03):221. |
| [12] | Knaus R W;VanGent D L .Accretion and cancel impacts in a rapidly resents accretion[J].Estuaries,1989,12(04):269. |
| [13] | Simpson H J .Man-made radionuclides and sedimentations in the Hudson River estuary[J].Science,1976,194:179. |
| [14] | Shi hui;Tian Junliang;Liu Puling et al.A study on sediment sources in a small watershed by using REE tracer method[J].中国科学E辑(英文版),1997,40(01):12. |
| [15] | Song Wei;Liu Puling;Yang Mingyi et al.Use of rare earth element method to study erosion in sloping land[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2003,21(05):587. |
| [16] | 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,陈利项.黄土丘陵小流域土壤物理性质的空间变异[J].地理学报,2002(05):587-594. |
| [17] | 刘普灵,田均良,周佩华,李雅琦,琚彤军.土壤侵蚀稀土元素示踪法操作技术研究[J].水土保持研究,1997(02):10-16,20. |
| [18] | 张科利;秋吉康宏 .坡面细沟侵蚀发生的临界水力条件研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(01):41. |
| [19] | 郑粉莉;唐克丽;周佩华 .坡耕地细沟侵蚀的发生、发展和防治途经的探讨[J].水土保持学报,1987,1(01):36. |
| [20] | Sunjingxin;Jervis R E.Multielement INAA of Chinese standard docks and soils, and NBS standards[A].Puerto Rico,U.S.A,1984:394. |
| [21] | 地球化学标准参考样研究组.地球化学标准参考样的研制与分析方法[J].地矿部地质专报,1991(zk) |
上一张
下一张
上一张
下一张
计量
- 下载量()
- 访问量()
文章评分
- 您的评分：
-
10%
-
20%
-
30%
-
40%
-
50%