研究304奥氏体不锈钢薄板的硬度随冷轧变形量的变化规律，为奥氏体不锈钢薄板工业生产提供指导。同时，采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度测量、X-射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了不同变形量冷轧对304不锈钢显微组织和机械性能的影响。在室温对0.5mm厚退火板材进行冷轧，使冷轧变形量从10%增加到52%。结果表明，形变诱发马氏体相变是导致304不锈钢冷轧时产生加工硬化的主要原因，冷轧可以显著提高钢的强度和硬度。当冷轧变形至40%时，304不锈钢的维氏硬度是未变形时的2.2倍，屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增大到未变形时的4.2倍（880MPa）和1.8倍（1312MPa）。
To provide a guidance to the industrial production of the austenitic stainless steel sheets, the changing of the cold rolled hardness with the cold rolling reduction of the 304 austenitic stainless steel sheets was investigated. The effect of different thickness reductions by cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steels were investigated. The annealed stainless steel sheets were subjected to the cold rolling at room temperature from 10% to 52% thickness reduction. The results indicate that strain-induced martensite transformation clearly results in a significant strengthening of the steel. The hardness and strength of the 304 austenitic stainless steels are improved distinctly. After 40% cold rolling, the Vickers hardness is 2.2 times higher than that of the primary one, the yielding strength and tensile strength are greatly increased to about 880MPa and 1312MPa, respectively, which are nearly 4.2 times and 1.8 times higher than those of the primary one.
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