Super 304H是在18Cr-8Ni钢基础上通过加入Cu、Nb、N开发的具有极高持久强度的新型耐热钢.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜以及X射线衍射仪分析了Super 304H钢供应状态、650℃持久试样的微观组织.通过研究Super 304H钢持久过程中析出相尤其是ε-Cu的变化情况,探讨了其对持久强度的影响.结果表明,该钢中存在大量细小的ε-Cu,长期蠕变后粗化程度很小.计算结果表明ε-Cu的沉淀强化作用占Super 304H钢650℃时持久强度的30%以上,是Super 304H钢具有高持久强度的主要原因.供应状态下析出的大量细小Nb(C,N)和蠕变过程中析出的M23C6和NbCrN尺寸较为细小时,对该钢持久强度的提高也有一定作用.
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