采用喷射沉积技术制备了SiCp/Al-20Si-4.5Cu梯度复合材料,并对其进行致密化和不同温度、时间的固溶、时效热处理,通过对比硬度得出优化的热处理工艺参数;然后对热处理前后的试样进行拉伸试验,并观察拉伸断口形貌.结果表明:该复合材料优化的固溶温度为485 ℃,固溶时间为1.5h,时效温度为175 ℃,时效时间为7 h;SiC颗粒含量的梯度变化导致复合材料时效速度呈梯度变化;高SiC含量的表层峰值时效后的抗拉强度最高,为432 MPa,其伸长率为5.8％,此时沿SiC颗粒含量梯度降低方向上的复合材料则处于欠时效状态,塑性较好;梯度复合材料中高SiC含量表层的脆性断裂特征明显,沿梯度方向上随SiC含量的降低,复合材料拉伸断口上的韧窝增多,韧性断裂趋势增强.
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