解析膜蛋白结构并研究其功能是当前生物学领域最前沿的研究热点之一.但是由于膜蛋白疏水结构域的存在,蛋白在水相环境中容易聚合,造成其纯化乃至结晶过程有较大困难,是膜蛋白结构解析的最主要瓶颈之一.去垢剂作为一种双极性分子,是目前解决膜蛋白纯化与结晶问题的关键材料,它能在水相环境中维持膜蛋白构象的稳定,因此在膜蛋白纯化和结晶中得到了广泛的应用.讨论了去垢剂理化性质、膜蛋白纯化和结晶中去垢剂的选择及一些新兴去垢剂的发展等问题.
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