采用量子化学密度泛函理论对CH4/CO2两步法合成乙酸反应中表面碳化物CHx (x=0～3)在Co和Pd模型表面上不同吸附活性位上的吸附能、空间构型和反应吉布斯自由能进行了系统性的比较研究. 计算结果表明, CH4/CO2两步反应在单一金属Co或Pd催化剂上在常压等温条件下不能有效进行,但在Co和Pd组成的双金属催化剂上,两步反应在常压等温下可以进行. 在Co和Pd双金属催化剂上,金属Co活化CH4生成金属碳化物CHxCo(x=0, 1)为热力学允许反应,其后CHx溢流到金属Pd上形成CHyPd (y=1～3)碳化物,最后CO2插入CHyPd生成乙酸,后两者在常压等温情况下也为热力学允许反应,并且在435 K以上可以与前者构成等温循环. 计算结果与实验结果吻合.
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