根据气凝胶遮光剂复合材料的微观结构特性,首次提出用多体散射理论计算其遮光剂球形颗粒分散体系的红外热透过率.通过分析小角度近似和多次散射因子对比尔-朗伯定律中散射传递函数的影响,建立了气凝胶遮光剂复合材料前向散射透过率的计算方法,编写计算程序,对SiO2气凝胶中遮光剂为SiC和ZrO2的两种材料进行了计算.计算结果表明:在实验允许的范围内,遮光剂质量分数越大、材料厚度越大,复合材料隔热效果越好;在遮光剂质量分数和材料厚度一定的情况下,由于复折射率的影响,不同的遮光剂材料有不同的最佳制备半径,SiC和ZrO2遮光剂球形颗粒的最佳制备半径分别为1.2μm和0.7μm.
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