为了解决环境污染中油污染的问题,世界各国相继投入大量的财力开发新型高效吸油材料.本研究针对多孔炭材料中膨胀石墨(EG)和植物炭疏水亲油的特点,分别以重油和20号柴油为吸附质,对膨胀石墨和炭化玉米秸秆、炭化油菜秸杆和炭化竹子3种植物炭的吸油特性和影响因素进行了详细的表征和研究.实验结果表明:(1)蠕虫状膨胀石墨样品具有最大的吸油率,理想状态下可以达到80 kg/kg EG;(2)油类的粘度在很大程度上影响吸附速率,从而在很大程度上影响等温吸附曲线的形状;(3)膨胀石墨的循环再利用性能比较差;(4)3种代表性植物炭材料中,炭化玉米秸杆对20#柴油的吸附率最高,其次为炭化油菜秸秆,最小的是炭化竹子;(5)比表面积的改变,对液态吸附过程影响不大.
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