利用光谱测量、高速摄像等手段,对5A90铝锂合金YAG激光焊接过程中的金属蒸汽/等离子体的动态变化过程、光谱分布测量和计算表明:5A90激光焊接时金属蒸汽/等离子体几乎只从熔池正面喷出,主要强谱线为Li670.8,其次为镁和氩,温度大约为5600 K左右.在提出一种蒸汽反冲力估算方法的基础上,研究发现5A90焊接时最大蒸汽反冲力在5000～7000 Pa,而金属蒸汽/等离子体所有这些特征都与该材料中锂镁等元素的低沸点等特性相关.
Dynamic process and spectral distribution of vapor/plasmas during YAG laser welding of 5A90 Al-Li alloy were obtained by high-speed camera and spectra measure system. Results reveal that the vapor/plasmas only eject from the top of molten pool, not like steels from both the top and bottom. The most strong spectral line is Li670.8, next are Mg and Ar spectral lines. The typical temperature of the vapor/plasma is about 5600 K. On the basis of an innovative physical model to estimate the vaporization pressure, it is found that the maximum vaporization pressure during laser welding process of 5A90 alloy is about 5000～7000 Pa. All these results have a close relation with material ingredients of Li and Mg which have very low boiling point.
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