生物柴油是车用发动机的替代燃料之一,具有可再生、排放污染低的优点.由于生物柴油与石化柴油的原料不同,使得生物柴油与石化柴油的化学组分有所不同,它会促进发动机部件的材料腐蚀.本文总结了生物柴油对发动机材料的腐蚀问题.生物柴油比柴油腐蚀性强,生物柴油的腐蚀程度随着生物柴油的混合比例增加而增加.杂质、吸湿性、氧化、高温、高含硫量等均加大了生物柴油的腐蚀趋势.发动机部件的某些金属材料在生物柴油中会发生化学和电化学腐蚀,通常表现为点腐蚀.非金属材料如塑料、橡胶类等聚合物与生物柴油接触时一般会发生老化现象,表现在硬度、体积、质量的变化.采用固体酸催化剂、降低含硫量、提高纯度、选择添加剂和耐腐蚀材料是解决生物柴油腐蚀问题的有效办法.
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