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采用ω（NaCl）∶ω（KCl）∶ω（NaF）=2∶2∶1（摩尔比,下同）的中性熔融盐作为载体,ω（Na2SiF6）∶ω（Si）=8∶2粉末做为渗硅剂,800℃下渗硅10 h可实现在AISI 304不锈钢表面形成厚度约500μm的富含Cr、Ni合金元素的Fe3Si型硅化物渗层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析了渗硅层的物相组成,用附带能量色散谱仪（EDS）附件的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了渗层截面的形貌和成分。结果表明,渗层以Fe3Si相为主,Cr在渗层中含量低于其在304不锈钢基体中含量,而Fe和Ni在基体和渗层中的含量大致相当。Fe3Si型硅化物渗层在800℃和900℃下的氧化动力学均遵从二次抛物线规律。AISI 304不锈钢渗硅层在800℃下的抗氧化性能略优于不锈钢基体,而在900℃下AISI 304不锈钢发生灾难性破坏,硅化物渗层表现出比其在800℃下更为好的抗氧化性能。900℃下Cr和Si元素发生上坡扩散最终在渗硅层表面形成富含SiO2和Cr3O4的复合氧化膜是其优异抗氧化性能的原因。

Fe3Si type silicide layer containing Cr and Ni alloying elements with a thickness of about 500 μm on AISI 304 stainless steel were formed in molten salts at 800 ℃ for 10 h using molten mixture of ω（Na2SiF6）∶ωSi=8∶2 as siliconizing agent and the molten halogenide of alkali metals of ω（NaCl）∶ω（KCl）∶ω（NaF）=2∶2∶1 as siliconizing agent carrier.The phase of the silicide layer was analyzed by X-ray diffraction.The micro structure and composition of the silicide layer were studied by scanning electron microscope（SEM） with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDS）attachment.The results show that the silicide layer mainly consists of Fe3Si.The content of Cr in silicide layer is lower than in AISI 304 steel matrix,while the same contents of Fe and Ni in the layer and in the matrix are observed.The oxidation kinetic curves of the Fe3Si type silicide layer at both 800 ℃ and 900 ℃ obey a parabolic rule.The high temperature oxidation properties of the silicide layer are a little better than that of the AISI 304 steel matrix at 800 ℃.A catastrophic failure of AISI 304 steel occurs at 900 ℃,while the high temperature oxidation properties of the silicide layer at 900 ℃ are better than that at 800 ℃.The composite oxide film containing SiO2 and Cr3O4 resuled from the uphill diffusion of Cr and Si at 900 ℃ accounts for the excellent high temperature oxidation properties.