A tin film of 320 nm in thickness on Cu foil and its composite film with graphite of～50 nm in thickness on it were fabricated by magnetron sputtering.The surface morphology,composition,surface distributions of alloy elements,and lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behaviors of the fabricated films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP),cyclic voltammetry (CV),and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GC) measurements.It is found that the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation behavior of the Sn film can be significantly improved by its composite with graphite.With cycling,the discharge capacity of the Sn film without composite changes from 570 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 270 mAh/g of the 20th cycle,and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 90% and 95%.Nevertheless,the discharge capacity of the composite Sn/C film changes from 575 mAh/g of the 2nd cycle to 515 mAh/g of the 20th cycle,and its efficiency for the discharge and charge is between 95% and 100%.The performance improvement of tin by its composite with graphite is ascribed to the retardation of the bulk fin cracking from volume change during lithium intercalation and de-intercalation,which leads to the pulverization of fin.
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