研究了合金化和球化工艺对超高碳钢组织和性能的影响。用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能谱仪观察了钢的组织形貌和元素分布。结果表明：在碳和铬含量相同的超高碳钢中加入同量的合金元素铝和硅时，铝可明显抑制锻造组织中网状或粗大的颗粒状碳化物的析出、细化珠光体组织和控制石墨形成。UHCS213Si和UHCS261Al钢经850 ℃×3 h球化退火处理后，都能得到较好的球化组织，其力学性能分别为：UHCS213Si钢，Rm=1 033 MPa，Re=734 MPa，A=149%；UHCS261Al钢，Rm=973 MPa，Re=677 MPa，A=182%。
The influence of alloying and spheroidization process on microstructure and mechanical properties of UHCS is investigated. The microstructure is observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and alloying element distribution is obtained by energy spectrum analysis (ESA). The results show that forged and spheroidized structures and mechanical properties of UHCS illustrate a more positive effect on inhibiting the precipitation of network or coarse particle carbides, thinning pearlite colony and controlling the formation of graphite when the same C and Cr content, and Al and Si alloying elements are added to UHCS in which Al has better action than Si. Both UHCS261Al and UHCS213Si steels can obtain good spheroidized structures by the heat treatment at 850 ℃ for 3 h. The outcome of mechanical properties shows that Rm=1 033 MPa, Re=734 MPa, A=149% for UHCS213Si and Rm=973 MPa, Re=677 MPa, A=182% for UHCS261Al.
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