普通的金属防腐蚀涂层主要以锌粉为防锈剂，但是大规模使用锌粉容易产生重金属污染，且锌粉的的持续稳定供应也是令人关注的问题。导电高分子具有可逆的氧化还原特性，其金属防腐能力已经得到证实，因此导电高分子作为一种新型的防腐蚀材料受到人们的广泛关注，并逐渐成为当前腐蚀科学领域研究的一大热点。其中聚苯胺以其优异的环境稳定性，合成简单，且价格相对较低，得到了特别的关注，相应的防腐产品也已经在德国、美国和中国等国部分商业化。本文系统总结了国内外在聚苯胺防腐材料方面的基础研究以及实际应用进展，重点探讨了聚苯胺的独特防腐机理，并对目前聚苯胺防腐材料存在的一些问题进行了分析，指出聚苯胺很有希望成为新一代无毒无污染的防腐材料。
Common metal anticorrosion coatings are generally based on zinc powder; however, mass use of zinc based coating may cause heavy metal pollution in the media, and there also exists concern for the sustainable supply of zinc resource. Conducting polymers possess reversible redox performance, which enables them to be the new anticorrosion agents, and their anticorrosion performance has attracted intense attentions since late 1980s, Among them, polyanilines are of particular interest due to their environmental stability, easy synthesis, and relatively low cost. The prominent protection performance of polyaniline has been confirmed by numerous experiments, and some anticorrosion coating products have been developed in Germany, the United States and China. The progress in basic research and practical application of polyaniline as anticorrosion material is systemically reviewed, and the unique protection mechanisms of polyaniline are discussed in detail. Analyses are also made on the existing problems in polyaniline anticorrosion materials. It is concluded that the polyanilines are expected to be the new generation of anticorrosion material with nontoxic and pollution-free characteristics.
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