贵金属物料的溶解是贵金属分离提纯不可或缺的环节。现有贵金属物料溶解技术主要有常压酸溶、加压酸溶、活化溶解、电化学溶解、氯化溶解、碱熔等技术，但存在溶解周期长、试剂消耗量大、能耗高、操作过程复杂、返料多、环境污染严重和溶解效率低等缺点。因此，开发一种贵金属物料的高效清洁溶解技术一直是科研人员研究的重点。虽然目前已研发出一些高效清洁溶解技术，但大多数尚处在实验室研究阶段，且处理规模小、工业化应用难度大。综述了当前贵金属物料的溶解技术研究进展及其优缺点，并对今后贵金属溶解技术的发展动态进行了展望。
Dissolution of precious metals is one of indispensable steps for their following purification. The present dissolving techniques include atmospheric pressure-acid dissolution, high pressure-acid dissolution, active dissolution, electrochemical dissolution, chlorination dissolution, alkali fusion,etc. However, these techniques have some disadvantages, such as long period of dissolution, high consumption of acid and energy, complicated operations, a large number of retuning charge, severe environmental pollution and low efficiency of dissolution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new high efficiency and clean technique to dissolve precious metals. Although some high efficiency and clean dissolving techniques have been experimentally explored, they are still unacceptable for the large scale industrial application. In this article , the development of dissolving techniques for precious metals and their advantages and disadvantages are described and discussed. In addition, the development trend of the dissolving techniques in the future is also proposed.
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