采用炭化聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)核壳聚合物的方法制备了炭纳米空心球.以两步无皂乳液聚合法制备了PMMA/PAN核壳粒子:首先以间歇无皂乳聚合法制备出直径约200 nm的PMMA粒子乳液,再以其作为种子乳液,以饥饿滴定法在PMMA外表而聚合一层厚度约30 nm的PAN外壳.将制备的PMMA/PAN乳液冷冻干燥后,分别经过250℃预氧化及1000℃炭化工艺,制备了炭纳米空心球.透射电镜结果显示所有核壳粒子均炭化成空心球并呈现交联状态.
Hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNs) were synthesized by carbonizing fine core/shell particles of polymeth-ylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The PMMA/PAN core/shell particles were prepared using two-stage soapless emulsion polymerization. PMMA spheres with a diameter of approximately 200 nm were first synthesised by batch mode polymerization and then a PAN shell with a thickness of approximately 30nm was polymerized on the sur-face of PMMA spheres by drop-wise addition of acrylonitrile monomer. After freeze drying, PMMA/PAN composite particles were stabilized in air at 250℃ and then carbonized in nitrogen at 1000℃. Transmission electron microscopy of the final sample showed that all PMMA cores turned into pores and all PAN shells developed into carbon shells. The PMMA/PAN composite particles were converted to HCNs with some adhering with each other and some breaking of the carbon shells.
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