采用高碳高铬铸铁药芯焊丝,通过自改装的自动搅拌式明弧堆焊机在Q235钢表面堆焊了Fe-Cr-C系耐磨高铬铸铁焊层.借助XRD、SEM、EDS和光学显微镜(OM)分析了堆焊层的物相组成,观察了堆焊层的宏观和微观组织形貌.运用洛氏硬度计和动载冲击磨料磨损试验机测试了堆焊层的表面硬度和磨损性能.结果表明,机械搅拌作用下的明弧堆焊层中裂纹明显减少,焊层内部奥氏体和碳化物更加混乱、细小,局部区域出现了波纹状组织.搅拌作用下的明弧堆焊层最高硬度达57 HRC,相对耐磨性是一般明弧堆焊层的2倍.磨损机制表现为金属的塑性变形和磨料对堆焊层的短距离切削.
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