采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米ZnO薄膜,通过Bruker D8 ADVANCE扫描电子显微镜和D/max-ⅢB型X-射线衍射仪对产物的微观形貌和晶相构成进行了分析,确定了适宜的凝胶温度为50℃,适宜的退火温度为500℃,在该制备条件下,纳米ZnO的颗粒直径和分散性适于制作太阳能电池.利用洋葱皮色素对ZnO纳米膜进行了染色敏化,通过对太阳能电池的光电性能分析,确定了适宜的洋葱皮和无水乙醇的用量为m洋葱皮∶V无水乙醇=1∶4,在此条件下,ZnO太阳能电池的的开路电压为623 mV,短路电流密度为4.15 mA/cm2,最大输出功率Pmax为1.855 mW,光电转化效率为2.06％,填充因子为0.72.对此光电池的稳定性进行了研究,结果表明在一个月的周期内,最大输出功率Pmax从1.855 mW下降到1.3 mW,即使在一个月后,其光电转化效率也达到了1.44％.
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