采用60Si2CrV、20CrMo等工业用钢,在贝氏体转变开始线附近进行短时间的贝氏体等温淬火,获得少量贝氏体,然后水冷,得到少量贝氏体＋马氏体＋残留奥氏体组织。应用QUANTA-400环扫电镜对贝氏体相变的形核进行了观察,发现贝氏体铁素体在晶界、相界面、晶内等处形核。研究了形核机制和形核时的能量变化,计算了晶核的临界尺寸、形核功,获得贝氏体临界晶核尺寸a＊=16.7 nm（b=25 nm）,形核功△G＊=2.7×102 J.mol-1。
60Si2CrV,20CrMo and other industrial steels were austempered at the temperatures near their bainite transformation start lines to obtain small amount of bainite,and then quenched in water to obtain multi-phase microstructure of small amount of bainite,martensite and retained austenite.The nucleation of bainite was observed by a QUANTA-400 environmental scanning electron microscope.The results show that the bainite ferrite can nucleate at the austenite grain boundary,at the phase interface and in the austenite grain interior.At the same time,the energy change during the formation of bainite ferrite was studied,and the size and the nucleation energy of the critical bainite ferrite nucleus were calculated.The calculation results show that the dimension of the critical bainite ferrite nucleus is 16.7 nanometer（a＊=16.7 nm,b=25 nm）and the critical nucleation energy is 2.7×102 J·mol-1.
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