以低成本工业级水玻璃为硅源,水为反应物及溶剂,在无需复杂的树脂交换和水洗条件下,分别采用HF一步快速催化法和HNO3-NaOH酸碱两步催化法,通过溶胶-凝胶技术制备出二氧化硅水凝胶.采用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)和六甲基二硅醚(HMDSO)作为表面修饰剂,在常压条件下制备了低热导率(0.03W/(m·K))、比表面积在200～500m2/g之间的低密度、疏水特性可调,具有高效保温性能的纳米多孔二氧化硅.对该材料的制备过程、形成的结构以及反应机理、保温原理进行了讨论.
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