电极材料是推进电池技术发展及应用的关键.作为锂离子电池正极材料的LiFePO4表现出优异的电池性能(大容量、优异循环特性),但也有本征低电导率的缺点.具有橄榄石结构的LiFePO4在电池充放电过程发生FePO4与LiFePO4之间的相变, 已有实验证明充放电过程中出现固溶体LixFePO4.掺杂是提高材料电导率的常用手段,但LiFePO4的掺杂却一直饱受争议；缺陷化学的研究初步认定通过适当点缺陷的电荷补偿,晶体内引入掺杂元素是可以实现的,并且提出几种缺陷补偿机制.导电相复合可降低电极颗粒间的接触电阻,特别是LiFePO4的碳包覆有效地改善其电化学性能,促进其工业化推广;碳包覆的有效性取决于碳的sp2杂化键的比例及碳含量.由于电极材料形貌影响电池的充放电动力学过程,LiFePO4的颗粒尺寸、形状、表面粗糙度等的控制都成为提高电池性能的重要手段；LiFePO4的薄膜制备及三维构架技术则进一步推动微型电池的应用发展.
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