以重油催化裂化(FCC)油浆富芳油为原料,经过热解制备中间相沥青,在常压下制备出孔径为150um～400um的沥青基泡沫,然后在马弗炉中炭化制得泡沫炭.定性考察了沥青分子量分布对沥青泡沫形成的影响,以及其沥青泡沫在空气中,在800℃～1400℃炭化温度范围炭化得到泡沫炭产品的光学微观形态、微晶及密度等的变化情况.发现:热解过程中,沥青分子量分布越宽,最终制得的中间相沥青发泡越不利;沥青泡沫在空气中炭化过程中,随炭化温度升高泡沫形态逐渐变形变大,原来的闭孔结构逐渐被打开,同时产生一些新的小孔.在炭化温度800℃以前,先经历一个微品、闭孔被破坏的过程,其微晶尺寸由2.3 nm减小到1.5 nm,微晶品格层间距由0.3459 nm增加到0.3477nm;800℃后,经历一个微晶生长过程,微晶尺寸由1.5 nm增加到4.2nm,微晶品格层间距由0.3477 nm减小到0.3454nm;在整个炭化过程中,泡沫产品的密度一直呈减小趋势,从原有的0.52g/cm3减小到0.16g/cm3.
Pitch-based carbon foam containing pores of diameter 150-400 um was produced from an intermediate pitch obtained from aromatic rich oil extracted from heavy oil FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) slurry by heating at atmospheric pressure. The effect of molecular weight distribution of the pitch on the formation of the foam was studied qualitatively. The variation of microscopic morphology, crystallite size, the interlayer spacing of microcrystal, and the density of the carbon foam carbonized from 800 to 1 400℃ were also investigated. It was found that the wider the molecular weight distribution of the intermediate material, the worse the foam. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that with increasing carbonization temperature, closed pores were opened and more pores were in twisted form. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the graphite microcrystal size decreased from 2.3 to 1.5 nm and their interlayer spacing increased from 0.345 9 to 0.347 7 nm below 800℃. From 800 to 1400℃, the graphite microcrystal size in- creased from 1.5 to 4.2 nm and the interlayer spacing decreased from 0.347 7 to 0.345 4 nm. The density of the carbon foams decreased form 0.52 to 0.16 g/cm3 during the carbonization.
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