采用离心铸造方法制备了不同Si、Mg含量的Al - xSi - yMg复合材料筒状铸件,考察了不同成分铸件的宏观组织和微观组织,并测试了不同成分铸件的耐磨性能,分析并计算了Al - xSi - yMg合金中形成初晶颗粒的条件.结果表明:除Al - 15Si -5 Mg外,其他各成分铸件内侧均形成了含有初晶Si或Mg2 Si颗粒的增强层,外侧为不含颗粒的非增强层.不同成分Al - xSi - yMg铸件中形成的初晶颗粒、颗粒增强层的相对厚度值(k)以及颗粒的体积分数各不相同.随着铸件内层初晶颗粒体积分数的逐渐增加,材料的耐磨性能显著提高.计算结果表明,当x≥12.8+0.49y且y≥5时(15≤x≤30,y≤8),合金中形成初晶Si、Mg2Si两种颗粒；当x＜12.8+0.49y且y≥5时,合金中只形成初晶Mg2Si颗粒；当x≥12.8+0.49y且y＜5时,合金中只形成初晶Si颗粒；当x＜12.8+0.49y且y＜5时,合金中不形成初晶颗粒.
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