炭膜以其出色的气体分离性能和良好的稳定性受到广泛关注，但其制备难度大、渗透率低、强度差等缺点制约着工业化应用。将炭膜负载于多孔基体材料形成复合膜，是解决这些问题的有效方法之一，但也对基体材料(特别是其表面性能)提出了较高要求，其中，高效、低成本的基体表面修饰技术成为关键。综述紧密结合多孔材料负载型炭膜的特点，从材料选择、常规孔径测量、表面孔径分析、表面修饰工艺等方面对炭膜基体材料进行评述，并依次对炭膜前驱体材料、前驱体涂层、炭化、后处理等关键制备工艺环节进行了总结。
Carbon membranes have attracted extensive attention because of their outstanding performance and excellent stability in the separation of gases, particularly of those with molecular sizes close to that of the membrane pores. However, they suffer from problems such as difficulty in fabrication, low permeability and poor physical strength, which greatly limit their industrial applicaˉ tions. These problems may be solved by supporting the thin carbon membrane on a porous substrate, forming a composite carbon membrane. The properties of the substrate play a key role, especially in the surface properties. A low surface roughness, high poˉ rosity, small pore size and fewer defects of the supporting substrate significantly favor membrane fabrication and performance. It is important to develop an effective and low cost surface modification of porous substrates to meet the requirements of membrane fabriˉ cation to optimize the selective permeability and economicsof the composite carbon membranes. Research progress on the substrate materials, such as material selection, pore size distribution and surface modification, as well asmembrane fabrication including preˉ cursor selection, coating, carbonization and postˉtreatment are summarized.
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