以大尺寸大孔径SiO2为模板,通过丙烯腈溶液浸渍、原位聚合、溶剂蒸发制备出聚丙烯腈（PAN）/SiO2复合物,再经800℃真空炭化处理得到大尺寸大孔径的C/SiO2复合材料。用SEM、FTIR、XPS和粉末XRD对样品结构进行表征。结果表明：SiO2模板特有的毛细管效应使复合物中PAN以薄膜形式包覆在SiO2材料的三维薄层上,且PAN膜的厚度可以通过调整聚合溶液中丙烯腈浓度及聚合物填充次数进行控制,炭膜的厚度与C/SiO2复合材料的表观电导率呈现一定的依赖关系。当聚合溶液中丙烯腈质量分数为33%时,经过两次原位聚合,所得到的C/SiO2复合材料的体积电阻为16Ω.cm,炭膜的平均厚度为16 nm,比表面积约为93 m2.g-1。
Polyacrylonitrile（PAN）/SiO2 composites were prepared by using large-sized macroporous silica as template,in which acrylonitrile solution was filled to perform in-situ polymerization followed by solvent evaporation.The PAN/SiO2 composites were carbonized in vacuum at 800 ℃ to obtain C/SiO2 composites.The samples were characterized by SEM,FTIR,XPS and XRD.The results show that the silica template has a strong capillarity effect,which makes PAN coated on the 3D silica layer as thin films.The thickness of the PAN film can be adjusted by changing the concentration of acrylonitrile in the polymerizing solution or the repeating times of the coating.The dependence of conductivity on the thickness of carbon film has also been observed.When the silica template is coated twice by a solution containing 33% mass fraction of acrylonitrile,the obtained C/SiO2 composites exhibit the volume resistance of 16 Ω·cm,and the average thickness of carbon film is 16 nm,while the BET surface area is 93 m2·g-1.
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