The electroplating behavior of Zn, Fe and Zn-Fe alloy onto copper from light acid chloride solutions (LACS, pH 3.07 containing H3BO3, Na2C6H5O7. 2H(2)O and different amounts of Zn2+ and Fe2+) was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and the steady-state polarization technique. It was found that, in the experimental conditions, during the Zn-Fe alloy formation no underpotential deposition (upd) was observed, and the deposition of Zn-Fe followed the mechanism of three-dimensional (3-D) nucleation and subsequent grain growth. The Zn2+ ions in the electrolyte inhibit the deposition of Fe, while Fe2+ ions promote the deposition of Zn. It was also found experimentally that the co-deposition of Zn and Fe behaved anomalously, and the result was interpreted theoretically in the light of quantum chemistry. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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