在基于生物质的新能源战略中,多元醇正在成为新一代的能源平台.从纤维素出发,通过热裂解、催化裂化和酸水解加氢等反应能制得多元醇,再以多元醇为原料在较温和的条件下通过水汽重整和费托合成等方法合成燃料、化学品和氢气.本文综述了多元醇经水汽重整制燃料油和化学品或经光解制氢气的进展,介绍了纤维素类生物质资源经催化氢化和水解加氢制多元醇的研究进展.虽然简单地套用现有的工业技术就可以转化纤维素,但这些方法在效率、能耗、规模和环保等方面还存在诸多问题,有效提高纤维素利用率的新思路仍在期待之中.虽然采用精心设计的工艺路线可以有效地转化多元醇,但离"简约、节能、方便可行和环境友好"的要求仍有一定的差距,"一步法"或"一锅法"在未来可能是催化学家仍需持续努力的方向.
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