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Effects of phosphorus microalloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of direct-aging DA761 alloy have been studied. The aim of this work is to find a new way to develop a higher performance of wrought superalloy. The optimum addition of phosphorus in DA761 alloy is determined by investigating effects of phosphorus and boron on the microstructure and properties of DA761 alloy, that are compared to GH761 alloy treated by standard heat treatment. The stability of microstructure and properties of fine-grain DA761 alloy with optimum content of phosphorus is proved by studying the evolution of microstructure and properties of the alloy after long-term high temperature ageing. The practicability of phosphorus microalloying in improving the mechanical properties of DA761 alloy is verified by smelting a 500 kg ingot and detecting the microstructure and properties of billet near the size of engine disk. The results verify the phosphorus microalloying and fine-grain direct aging treatment in improving commercial GH761 alloy. Mechanism of phosphorus microalloying is also discussed. [doi: 10.2320/matertrans.MF200908]