在假设马氏体岛形态和分布的基础上, 采用有限元法计算了粒状组织形成过程中的相变残余应力, 并讨论 了相变残余应力对宏观变形行为的影响. 结果表明: 粒状组织形成过程中, 奥氏体转变为马氏体后将在铁素体基体中产生静水张应力, 而马氏体岛承受压应力作用; 残余应力随马氏体体积分数和铁素体基体强度的增加而增大, 存在临界马氏体体积分数, 此时铁素体完全屈服; 残余应力是导致空冷粒状组织钢出现连续屈服现象的原因之一, 但对屈服强度的影响较小.
The phase transformation residual stress caused by the volume expansion of transformation from austenite to martensite was calculated by finite element method based on the assumption of specific distribution and shape of martensite island. The effect of residual stress on the macroscopic strain-stress relationship is also discussed. The results show that tension hydrostatic stress exists in ferrite matrix, condensation stress exists in martensite island. The residual stress increases with the increase of the martensite amount, ferrite yield strength and tangent modulus. There is critical martensite amount for ferrite yielding entirely. The residual stress contributes to the continuous yielding of air cooling granular structure steel but effects the yield strength of granular structure little
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