在超高压水射流切割过程中,射流结构是设备工作效率及损耗程度的决定性因素,本文针对400 MPa范围内超高压水射流结构进行了数值模拟及实验研究,得到了相关因素对其具体影响.结果表明:超高压水射流的流束可分为几个特征各不相同的区域;射流的发散程度随着压力和宝石孔径的增大而增大;喷嘴形状对射流结构具有显著的影响,渐扩的锥形出口及倾斜的出口端面有助于增强射流的集束性;宝石孔内的空化直接影响了射流的形成;空化加剧了宝石的磨损,随着宝石孔入口的磨损程度提高,水射流趋于发散.
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