加热含有0.001 mol/L的CaCl2和NaHCO3的水样,在保持蒸发与补水速度相同的条件下,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究碳钢挂片表面沉积水垢颗粒的生长过程,聚集形态和晶体结构的变化.结果表明:挂片表面首先析出无规则聚集的球状和片状颗粒;15 min后微小的球状或片状颗粒出现定向排列的趋势,形成表面十分粗糙的针棒状堆积体,其轴向生长速度达1.0～1.5 μm/min;随着蒸发时间的延长,在加热2 h时,针棒状堆积体由根部开始晶化,逐步形成棱角分明的六棱柱状晶体.晶体表面也会吸附新生球形颗粒不断的沉积,同时在挂片的表面还会形成许多直径约为2 μm,厚度约0.1 μm的六边形片状球霰石颗粒,片层颗粒无规则的相互支撑和聚集,部分颗粒以直立方式生长.6 h后已形成的六棱柱状晶体颗粒的顶部形态开始发生变异,形成顶端带有数十根针状分枝的孪生晶体.而部分球霰石颗粒的聚集体在加热3 h后逐步向斜六面体方解石转变.
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