采用力学中建立最小势能原理和最小余能原理的加权余量法,分别得到了热传导中势能型与余能型的变分原理.通过对势能型变分原理的分析发现,对于可逆的导热过程,"力"(热流)在"位移"(温度)上做的"功"完全转换为物体的"势能",即热量传递势容.而在不可逆的稳态导热过程中,这个势能完全被耗散掉了,成为传递势容耗散.对于非稳态导热过程,则类似于粘弹性物体,热流在温度位移上做的"功"一部分转换为物体的传递势容,而另外一部分成为传递势容的耗散.
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