针对超声波在含有多孔隙的复合材料中传播时,邻近孔隙超声散射波之间相互作用和散射衰减机制尚未澄清的问题,对孔隙率为7.47％的碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic,CFRP)采用时域有限差分方法进行数值计算,对比研究了CFRP层板中不同尺寸范围二维真实形貌孔隙及圆形孔隙对应的超声散射衰减系数.结果表明,对于横向尺寸m≤λ/8、λ/8＜m≤λ/3的小孔隙及中孔隙,其散射波之间的相互作用可削弱整体超声散射衰减,而尺寸为λ/3＜m＜ 2λ/3大孔隙的存在则会使超声波散射衰减增强.相同孔隙率情况下,圆形孔隙对应的超声散射衰减系数αs普遍小于真实形貌孔隙的αs.对于孔隙横向尺寸满足m＜ 2λ/3的情况,大尺寸孔隙以及长条形孔隙的存在,整体上会使超声波散射衰减加重.
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