电活性聚合物(electroactive polymer, EAP)是一种智能材料,具有特殊的电性能和机械性能.本文综述了不同类型电活性聚合物材料的国内外研究现状.按照作用机理的不同,电活性聚合物主要分为两大类:电子型和离子型.电子型EAP材料在直流电场作用下可产生诱导位移,但是需要较高的激励电场(＞100V/μm);离子型EAP材料可以在较低电压下(1～2V)产生诱导弯曲位移,但是需要保持一定的湿润度,而且在直流电场激励下很难保持稳定的诱导位移.本文还介绍了电活性聚合物材料的应用领域和发展前景.由于其显著的电致伸缩响应,电活性聚合物被应用于驱动器和传感器,而且在仿生领域具有更广阔的应用.此外,透明度较高的EAP材料可被用于光学设备上.目前,电活性聚合物的应用还处于尝试阶段,但是,其独特的性能决定了这种材料具有不可估量的应用前景.
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