本文是提高滚珠轴承钢质量研究工作的第一部分。研究了碱性电弧炉内不同脱氧制度和浇铸条件对于钢中非金属夹杂物类型和数量的影响设及冶炼和浇铸过程中夹杂物的变化。 试验结果指出,采用下列操作制度可以显著改善滚珠钢中非金属夹杂物: 扒氧化渣后用硅锰合金预脱氧,然后用电石直接造电石渣,保持40分钟以上,还原后期用硅铁粉或电石继续进行扩散脱氧,出钢前炉渣必须变白,采用先出渣后出钢的办法,使渣钢在盛钢桶内得到很好的混合,进一步改善钢中非金属夹杂物。加铝量应在0.5公斤/吨以上。 结果证实,使用焦油处理过的优质盛钢桶内衬砝和汤道砝可以减少外来夹杂物。钢中氮化钛的来源是铁合金中含钛,所以在冶炼优质滚珠钢时应该选用不含钛的铁合金。
The present paper is the first part of a study on the improvement of the quality of ball-bearing steel made in basic electric furnace. The effect of deoxidation and casting practice onnon-metallic inclusions in steel during the steel-making process was studied. It was found that the non-metallic inclusions in ball-bearing steel could be markedly reducedwith the adoption of the following practice: On slagging off before the reducing period, silico-manganese was added for preliminary deoxidation; addition of crushed calcium carbide was thenmade to speed up the formation of carbide slag, which should be kept not less than 40 minutes;after this, ferro-silicon powders or crushed calcium carbide were added for slag deoxidation; slagmust be white before tapping; it is advisable to tap the slag first and then the liquid steel torender them thoroughly mixed in the ladle to facilitate further elimination of non-metallic in-clusions in steel; final addition was carried out by adding not less than 1/2 kilogram of aluminiumper ton of steel. Good-quality ladle linning and runners should be tar-soaked in order to decrease the amountof exogenous inclusions. It was noticed that titanium nitride inclusions in the steel were due tothe presence of titanium in ferro-alloys, the making of high-quality ball-bearing steel calls forthe use of titanium-free ferro-alloys.
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