利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验机研究了1Cr18Mn14N不锈钢在HCl溶液中的空蚀行为，利用扫描电镜（SEM）跟踪观察了试样表面的空蚀形貌，测量了静态和空蚀条件下的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱（EIS），分析了腐蚀和氢对空蚀损伤的影响。结果表明：在0.1mol/L HCl溶液中，加工硬化能力高的1Cr18Mn14N不锈钢的抗空蚀性能优于水轮机常规用材OCr13Ni5Mo；当盐酸浓度增大为0.5mol/L时，阳极溶解和氢的共同作用促进1Cr18Mn14N不锈钢表面裂纹的形核和失稳扩展，裂纹扩展、连接引起材料大量脱落，使1Cr18Mn14N不锈钢的抗空蚀性能大大劣化，反而不如0Cr13i5Mo不锈钢。
The cavitation corrosion behavior of 1Cr18Mn14N stainless steel in HCl solution was investigated by using a magnetostrictive-induced cavitation facility. The micrographs of damaged surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope( SEM) and the polarization curves under quiescent and cavitating condition were measured. The influence of corrosion and hydrogen on cavitation damage was analyzed. The results showed that the resistance to cavitation corrosion of 1Cr18Mn14N stainless steel in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution was higher than that of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel. Conversely, the resistance was much worse than that of 0Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel in 0.5mol/L HCl, because the combined action of anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement accelerated the initiation and propagation of the crack on the surface of 1Cr18Mn14N and then facilitated the removal of massive materials by the propagation and connection of cracks.
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