系统地研究了pH值对沉淀法制备弛豫铁电体PSN粉末的相结构,化学组成和晶粒形貌的影响.实验发现,以NH4OH作为沉淀剂,随着pH值从2增至12,金属离子按Nb,Sc,和Pb的顺序先后沉淀;当pH达到8～10时,3种元素的沉淀率均达到99%以上.此外,在不同的温度下煅烧沉淀粉体发现,pH超过8时得到的粉体都经历了从焦绿石变为纯钙钛矿相的转变过程;相反,在低pH值下得到的粉体一直存在一定的焦绿石相.而且,随着pH的上升,晶粒形貌从200 nm的球状变为1 μm的片状.pH值为8时沉淀得到的粉体,经800 ℃煅烧,得到符合化学计量比的Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3粉末,由此烧结得到的陶瓷表现出良好的弛豫铁电性.
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